1) The concept of separation of powers, as articulated by French philosopher Montesquieu, refers to the division of government responsibilities into distinct branches, such as the executive, legislative, and judicial, to prevent concentration of power.

2) The push for gender equality and women's empowerment has gained momentum worldwide, with increased advocacy for equal rights, representation in leadership positions, and efforts to address issues such as gender-based violence and discrimination.

3) The Black Lives Matter movement, which gained prominence in 2013, advocates for racial justice and equality, addressing systemic racism and police violence against Black individuals.

4) The world's largest species of shark, the whale shark, can reach lengths of up to 40 feet (12 meters) and weigh over 20 tons.